My career spanned the "pre-desktop publishing" era when typesetting was a skill set. Typesetting machines contained a command set which allowed the manipulation of text using command codes.

One of those commands was the "auto-leader" which allowed text to expand to the full column width by inserting a character (period) or space (spaceband) into the text for that line. This produced the familiar telephone book style of column where the names were flush left, periods or whitespace filled the middle, and the telephone number was justified to the right margin.

Is there a method in Visual Site Designer to replicate this function?

No, unfortunately there isn't. Would have been handy, though.